⚡ Plasma & Electricity

Aurora Borealis: Solar Wind & Magnetosphere InteractionNewA physically-grounded 3D aurora simulator: solar-wind particles funnel along Earth's dipole… Comet Outgassing & Coma FormationNewInteractive 3D simulation of a comet nucleus sublimating as it nears the Sun — real… Magnetic Confinement Fusion: TokamakNewTune a tokamak's toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields, watch the safety factor q, and see… Molecular Orbital Theory — Bond Order for Diatomic MoleculesNewFill a molecular orbital diagram electron by electron and watch bond order and magnetism… Solar Wind & MagnetosphereNewSimulate the solar wind slamming into Earth's magnetic field: bow shock formation,… Superconductor Meissner EffectNewCool a puck below its critical temperature to watch it actively expel a magnetic field (the… Born-Haber Cycle — Lattice Energy of Ionic CrystalsNewClimb an animated energy staircase through sublimation, ionization, dissociation and… Debye-Hückel Limiting Law — Ionic Strength & Activity CoefficientsNewWatch an ion's counter-ion atmosphere thicken and compress as electrolyte concentration… Comet Tail FormationNewWatch a comet's curved dust tail and straight ion tail form and grow as it swings around the… Gel Electrophoresis — Separating Molecules by SizeNewCharged DNA fragments migrate through a gel mesh under an electric field, with smaller… Heisenberg Spin Model — Quantum MagnetismNewMetropolis Monte Carlo simulation of the classical Heisenberg model: 3D unit spins on a 2D… Magnetar Starquake & FlareNewWatch an ultra-magnetized neutron star's field lines crack, reconnect, and erupt in a giant… Solubility Product Ksp — Precipitation & the Common-Ion EffectNewWatch a sparingly-soluble salt dissolve and precipitate as you add a common ion. Compare the… SuperconductivityNewCool below the critical temperature and watch resistance vanish and magnetic flux get… 2D Spin Lattice — Heisenberg FerromagnetNewSimulate a 2D spin-1/2 lattice with Metropolis Monte Carlo. Watch spontaneous magnetization… Debye Length — Plasma ShieldingNewVisualize Debye shielding in plasma. A test charge is surrounded by a screening cloud.… Electromagnetic Shielding & Faraday CageNewA conductive shell redistributes charges to cancel the internal field. Skin depth δ =… Hall EffectNewPass current through a conductor in a magnetic field and watch charges pile on one edge,… Hall Effect Thruster — Ion PropulsionNewSimulate ion acceleration in a Hall effect thruster. Electrons spiral in E×B drift, ionizing… Aharonov-Bohm Effect — Phase Without a FieldNewElectrons passing either side of a confined magnetic flux acquire a measurable phase… Dynamo Effect — How Planets Make Magnetic FieldsNewA self-sustaining dynamo: convecting electrically conducting fluid in a rotating planetary… Landau Levels — Electrons in a Magnetic FieldNewA charged particle in a magnetic field moves in circles; quantum mechanics quantises these… Magnetic Reconnection — Solar Flares & SubstormsNewOppositely directed magnetic field lines break and reconnect at an X-point, explosively… Phase Transition — Order Parameter & Critical PointNewWatch the 2D Ising model undergo a phase transition at Tc ~ 2.27 J/kB: magnetisation drops… Plasma Oscillations — Langmuir WavesNewDisplace electrons in a neutral plasma: the restoring Coulomb force causes oscillation at… Quantum Hall Effect — Quantised ConductanceNewIn a strong magnetic field a 2D electron gas shows Hall conductance quantised in exact… Spintronics — Spin Transport & GMR EffectNewGiant magnetoresistance (GMR): current through a ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet stack… Stern-Gerlach Experiment — Spin QuantisationNewSend silver atoms through an inhomogeneous magnetic field: classically they should smear… TransformerNewInteractive ideal transformer with animated primary and secondary coils, magnetic flux… Fusion ReactorNewSet plasma temperature, density and confinement time to test the Lawson criterion and see… Eddy CurrentsNewDrop a neodymium magnet through a conducting tube and watch electromagnetic braking in… Crystal DissolutionNewWatch crystals dissolve in a solvent as surface ions detach and diffuse into solution. Magnetic NavigationNewExplore how birds, sea turtles and salmon use Earth magnetic field to navigate thousands of… Plasma WaveNewTune electron density and wave vector k to watch Landau damping eat away at a wave riding… PulsarNewSpin up a neutron star and tilt its magnetic field: drag the period and B-field sliders and… Faraday's LawNewMove a magnet through a coil and watch the induced EMF track the rate of flux change,… Plasma GlobeNewTesla plasma globe — glowing electric filaments arc from the centre to the glass and follow… CentrifugeNewSedimentation under centrifugal force: RCF=ω²r/g and Stokes velocity v=d²(ρ_p−ρ_f)ω²r/(18η)… Maglev TrainNewMagnetic levitation: EDS (repulsive, speed-dependent) vs EMS (attractive, actively… Solar Flare & CMENewMagnetic reconnection on the Sun releases stored energy as a flare (classed A-X by X-ray… Lichtenberg FiguresNewDielectric breakdown grows fractal branches: solve Laplace's equation, then add cluster… Magnetic PendulumNewA pendulum swinging over magnets settles onto one of them — but tiny changes in the start… Van Allen BeltsNewEarth's dipole traps charged particles on bouncing helical paths. Watch protons and… Z-PinchNewDrive megaamps through a plasma column and watch its own magnetic field squeeze it, until… Acid-Base EquilibriumNewPerform a virtual acid-base titration: add drops of strong base to a weak acid and watch the… Debye ScreeningNewElectrons swarm into a screening cloud around a central ion — tune temperature and density… Ising Model — Phase TransitionNew2D Ising model with Metropolis Monte Carlo. Cross the critical temperature Tc ≈ 2.269 and… Nernst Equation — Galvanic Cell Potential Interactive SimulationE = E° − (RT/nF)·ln Q. Animated galvanic cell with ion migration and electrode growth. E vs… Relative Simultaneity — Einstein's Train & Lightning Thought ExperimentTrain at adjustable v/c, two lightning bolts, dual animation showing ground and train… Quantum Spin ChainA classical Heisenberg spin chain of 32 vectors evolves under Landau-Lifshitz dynamics —… Ising Model2D Ising ferromagnet on a square lattice via Metropolis-Hastings Monte Carlo. Adjust… Battery ElectrochemistryLi-ion battery simulator: charge/discharge curves, C-rate discharge family, capacity fade… Galvanic CellPick two electrodes and their ion concentrations to build a Daniell-type cell, then read the… Spin PrecessionTip nuclear spins with an RF pulse and watch Larmor precession decay through T1 and T2… Magnetic DomainsRun an Ising lattice of spins to see Weiss domains form and domain walls sweep under an… Magnetic LevitationCool a superconductor under a magnet and see the Meissner effect and flux pinning hold it… Membrane Transport — Ion ChannelsOpen sodium and potassium channels and use the Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equations to… Electromagnetic Induction — Faraday's Law & Lenz's LawA moving bar magnet drives a galvanometer needle as it induces EMF in a coil — Lenz's law… Aurora Borealis — Charged Particles in Earth's MagnetosphereFire solar wind particles at Earth's magnetosphere and follow the Lorentz force spiralling… Debye Shielding — Plasma ScreeningDrop a test charge into a plasma and see mobile electrons swarm it, cutting the Coulomb… Ion Thruster — Electric Propulsion & Mission ΔVAn ion beam accelerates out the back — compare its thrust and Isp against chemical rockets… Ising Model — Phase Transitions and FerromagnetismInteractive 2D Ising model simulation using Metropolis-Hastings Monte Carlo. Watch… Kelvin-Helmholtz InstabilityShear two fluid layers past each other and watch the interface roll into the billows and… Relativity of Simultaneity — Train & Lightning Thought ExperimentTwo lightning strikes appear simultaneous for the platform observer but not for the moving… Solar Wind & Earth's Magnetosphere — Bow Shock, Magnetopause, AuroraParticle simulation of the solar wind interacting with Earth's magnetic dipole. Bow shock,… Tokamak — Magnetic Confinement FusionBalance toroidal and poloidal fields in a tokamak, follow Larmor orbits and Poincare maps,… Lightning Bolt GeneratorGrow fractal electric discharge paths using the Dielectric Breakdown Model (DBM). Adjust… Plasma — Ionized GasSimulate ionized gas plasma: charged particles interact via Coulomb forces and Lorentz… Static Electricity — Triboelectric ChargingExplore static electricity: rub materials together via the triboelectric effect, watch… Faraday's Law of InductionDrag a bar magnet through a coil of wire and watch the induced EMF ε = −N dΦ/dt in real… Whale Migration — Agent-Based NavigationCetacean pods navigate by magnetic field across ocean basins on seasonal routes — add… 🧲 Magnet & PaperclipsDrag the magnet and watch paperclips fly to it! See magnetic field lines and discover how… MRI / NMR Physics — Bloch EquationsInteractive MRI/NMR simulator based on Bloch equations. Watch RF pulses tip the net… Drug Diffusion & PharmacokineticsA two-compartment PK model: compare IV bolus, oral and infusion dosing, plot plasma/tissue… Cell Membrane Diffusion450 Brownian particles split between two chambers. Three transport modes: Simple Diffusion… Electric Field LinesInteractive electric field lines and equipotential surfaces from point charges. Add positive… Magnetic Field LinesInteractive magnetic field line visualizer. Place north and south poles on the canvas and… Plasma Instability — Kelvin-HelmholtzTwo plasma layers of different velocity drive a shear Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with… Li-ion Battery SimulatorSimulate lithium-ion battery charge/discharge cycles, intercalation, SoC, capacity fade, and… Nuclear Fusion — Tokamak & Lawson CriterionTune plasma temperature, density and confinement time in a tokamak to hit the Lawson…