Electrochromic Smart Window: Ion Intercalation (2D)

This is the 2D cross-section counterpart to the 3D electrochromic window simulator: the same real electrochemistry — a tungsten-oxide (WO₃) film darkening as lithium ions are driven into it by an applied voltage, and clearing again as they are pulled back out — viewed as a true side-on slice through the glass stack. Drag the bias-voltage slider (or hit Color / Bleach) to watch Li⁺ ions cross the electrolyte between the WO₃ layer and a NiO ion-storage counter-electrode, while the WO₃ band itself tints from clear to deep blue; scroll to zoom into the electrolyte gap and drag to pan across the stack. Live readouts track inserted charge density, optical density and transmittance, and a real-time graph plots transmittance as it switches — the same coloration-efficiency relation (ΔOD = CE·q) that governs commercial products like SageGlass office windows and the dimmable cabin windows on the Boeing 787.