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PolskiGalvanic Cell (2D) — Voltaic Electrochemistry & Nernst Equation
2D flat-schematic galvanic-cell lab: pick a Zn/Cu, Zn/Ag, Fe/Cu, Mg/Cu or Pb/Cu electrode pair, tune anode and cathode ion concentration, temperature and external load, and watch electron and ion flow animate in step with a real Nernst-equation calculation of E°cell, Ecell, current, power and ΔG.
The 3D original already renders a genuine electrochemistry engine — real standard reduction potentials for five metal pairs, a live Nernst-equation calculation, and animated electron and ion motion — so this 2D companion keeps the same physics rather than inventing a different mechanic. It swaps the WebGL scene for a flat, top-down schematic: two beakers, two electrodes, a salt bridge and an external wire, all drawn on a single canvas so the electron path, ion migration and voltage bar read clearly at a glance. Switching metal pairs changes both the standard cell voltage and the colours of every element on the diagram; dragging the concentration sliders visibly slows or speeds the electron stream as the Nernst equation pulls Ecell up or down in real time.
2D galvanic-cell schematic driven by real standard reduction potentials (Zn, Cu, Ag, Fe, Mg, Pb) and a live Nernst-equation calculation: E = E° − (RT/nF)·ln(Q), with animated electron flow, ion migration and a salt bridge whose speed scales with the resulting cell current.
2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install
Each metal has its own standard reduction potential — how strongly it "wants" to gain electrons rather than give them up. The cell voltage is simply the cathode's potential minus the anode's: E°cell = E°cathode − E°anode. Magnesium (E° = −2.37 V) is a far more eager electron donor than zinc (−0.76 V), so a Mg/Cu pair produces roughly 2.71 V standard, well above the Daniell cell's 1.10 V.
The Nernst equation ties voltage to the reaction quotient Q = [anode ions]/[cathode ions]: E = E° − (RT/nF)·ln(Q). Raising the anode-side ion concentration raises Q, and since ln(Q) is subtracted, a bigger Q pulls the voltage down. Physically, a concentrated anode solution resists further oxidation, so the reaction has less driving force.
It sets the resistance the circuit has to push current through. Current follows Ohm's law, I = E/R, so a small load resistance draws more current (and more power) for the same cell voltage, while a large load throttles the current toward zero — the animation's electron and ion speeds scale with the resulting current.