🪨 Geology & Earth Science

Columnar Basalt JointingNew📱Explore how slow, uniform cooling of thick basalt lava sheets generates tensile stress that… Drumlin Formation Under Ice SheetsNew📱Explore how drumlins, streamlined hills of glacial till, form beneath moving ice sheets and… Turbidite Deposition and the Bouma SequenceNew📱Explore how underwater avalanches of sediment called turbidity currents race down submarine… Yardang Wind-Erosion RidgesNew📱Explore how abrasive sand-laden wind sculpts solid rock into elongated, streamlined yardang… Sabkha Evaporite Tidal FlatNew📱Explore how capillary evaporative pumping draws saline groundwater upward through a coastal… Duricrust and Laterite Hardpan FormationNew📱Discover how iron and aluminum sesquioxides leach and re-precipitate through tropical soil… Stylolite Pressure-Dissolution SeamsNew📱Explore how pressure-solution creep at grain contacts under overburden stress carves jagged,… Boudinage Structural NeckingNew📱Simulate a competent rock layer stretching inside a weaker matrix, necking and fracturing… Patterned Ground: How Permafrost Sorts Stones into PolygonsNew📱Explore how repeated freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost soils drive convective sorting that… Rock Glacier Creep: The Slow Flow of Ice-Cemented TalusNew📱Discover how rock glaciers, tongues of ice-cemented rubble, deform and flow slowly downslope… Solifluction Periglacial Soil FlowNew📱Discover how seasonal freeze-thaw cycles turn saturated soil into slow-creeping lobes that… Loess Deposition: Wind-Built Silt LandscapesNew📱Explore how wind sorts and deposits glacial silt to build thick loess plateaus downwind of… Caldera Formation MechanicsNew📱Interactive 3D volcano cross-section where draining a simulated magma chamber shows the… Eruption Style ClassificationNew📱Interactive 3D volcano where adjusting magma viscosity and gas content shifts the eruption… Lahar: Volcanic MudflowNew📱Interactive 3D volcano slope where triggering a simulated lahar, a water-saturated volcanic… Lava Flow RheologyNew📱Interactive 3D lava flow down a slope where adjusting temperature and silica content changes… Pahoehoe vs A'a LavaNew📱Interactive 3D lava-surface generator where adjusting flow rate and cooling rate forms the… Pyroclastic Flow DynamicsNew📱Interactive 3D volcano where triggering a simulated column collapse shows a pyroclastic flow… Volcanic Ash Plume DispersalNew📱Interactive 3D eruption column and atmosphere where adjusting eruption intensity and wind… Flood Risk ModelNew📱An illustrative flood-risk model: rainfall intensity and sea-level rise drive a simulated… Landslide DynamicsNew📱Tune cohesion, friction angle, slope angle and pore pressure on an infinite slope, then… Permafrost ThawNew📱Set annual and summer air temperatures, thermal conductivity and latent heat, then animate a… Wind ErosionNew📱Set wind friction velocity, grain size and soil moisture, then watch sand transport erupt… Sandstone FormationNew📱Set burial depth, temperature, initial porosity and grain size, then watch cementation… Earthquake FaultNew📱Set loading rate, friction and fault area on a stick-slip fault, then watch stress build and… River Delta FormationNew📱A river meeting still water drops coarse sediment first and fine sediment further out,… Snow Avalanche Dynamics: Slope StabilityNew📱Explore the mechanics of a snow avalanche as you modify slope angle and weak-layer strength… Coastal ErosionNew📱Waves approaching at an angle drive longshore drift, eroding headlands and building beaches… River MeandersNew📱Curvature-driven erosion turns a slight wiggle into deep meanders, until necks pinch off… Sand DuneNew📱Blow wind across a sand bed and watch grains saltate, dunes migrate downwind and vegetation… Rock CycleNew📱Follow a single rock as heat, pressure, weathering and melting turn it from igneous to… Seismic Wave Propagation — P-waves, S-waves & Shadow ZoneNew📱P-wave and S-wave rays refract through Earth's crust, mantle and core via Snell's law,… Volcanic Eruption SimulationNew📱Explore the dynamics of a volcanic eruption by adjusting parameters like pressure and… Plate Tectonics📱Divergent, convergent and transform plate boundaries with earthquakes, subduction and… Groundwater Flow📱Pump a well in a confined or unconfined aquifer and watch Darcy's law draw down the water… Glacier Dynamics – Ice Flow & Mass Balance📱Explore the fascinating world of glaciers with this simulation! Adjust parameters like… Volcanic Eruption Simulator📱Witness the power of a volcanic eruption in this simulation! Adjust parameters like magma… Seismic Waves and Earthquake Propagation📱Explore how seismic waves travel through the Earth after a simulated earthquake, observing… Barchan Dune Formation📱Explore the dynamic process of sand dune migration through wind and erosion, adjusting… Crystal Growth Simulation (2D)📱A 2D mineral crystal-growth simulator where free ions drift through a supersaturated fluid…