Nanoparticle Uptake & Dose-Response Simulator

Nanotoxicology studies how a nanomaterial's physical properties — not just how much of it is applied — determine the biological dose that actually reaches a cell's interior. This simulator models a population of cells in fluid exposed to a stream of nanoparticles: each particle undergoes Brownian diffusion until it nears a cell, where its size and surface charge set the probability of endocytic uptake. Accumulated intracellular dose, weighted by particle mass, is fed through a Hill-equation dose-response curve to compute each cell's viability in real time. Adjust particle size, surface charge and exposure concentration to see how surface chemistry — not concentration alone — controls toxicity.