RNA-Seq Volcano Plot: Differential Gene Expression Analysis (2D)

This simulator runs a full, from-scratch RNA-seq differential expression experiment: 2,000 genes, a subset carrying a real ground-truth fold-change, replicate measurements drawn with an expression-dependent noise model, Welch's t-test computed exactly via the regularized incomplete beta function, and Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction across all genes tested at once. The result is the classic 2D volcano plot — log₂ fold-change on the horizontal axis, statistical significance (−log₁₀ p) on the vertical — with each point spring-settling into its new position through a damped-oscillator integrator whenever you resample the experiment or move a threshold. Tune replicate count, effect-size cutoff and FDR threshold to see how they trade off sensitivity against false discoveries, with the simulation scoring its own calls against the known ground truth.