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Energy Storage Technologies Compared

Interactive 3D simulation comparing lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro, flywheels and compressed-air energy storage: watch state of charge, round-trip efficiency losses and self-discharge play out side by side under a shared grid demand cycle.

Energy & Thermodynamics3DModerate60 FPS💧 Water ⚡ Plasma

Grid-scale energy storage has no universal winner: lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro, flywheels and compressed-air energy storage (CAES) each trade energy density, round-trip efficiency, response speed and self-discharge differently. This simulation puts all four side by side under one shared charge/discharge signal so you can watch those trade-offs play out — a fast battery and flywheel react instantly to a short cycle, while pumped hydro's reservoir climbs and drains slowly but barely leaks energy while idle, and compressed air's efficiency losses show up as continuous heat glow.

⚙ Under the hood

Compare lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro, flywheels and compressed-air storage side by side under one shared grid charge/discharge signal, watching state of charge, round-trip efficiency losses and self-discharge play out in real time.

Three.jsenergy storagebatteriespumped hydroflywheelgrid

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install