Dry Ice Cauldron: Sublimation Fog

This simulation renders a side-view cross-section of a cauldron holding water with a chunk of dry ice (solid CO₂) at the bottom. As the ice sublimates directly from solid to gas, bubbles of cold CO₂ rise through the water and break the surface; the cold gas chills the humid air above the water, condensing water vapor into a visible fog. Because that fog is colder and denser than the surrounding air, it doesn't rise like steam — it pools in the cauldron, spills over the rim, and pours down the outside walls. Adjust the dry ice amount, ambient humidity and ambient temperature to see how each one drives the fog's volume, density and how far it pools versus dissipates, and click or drag inside the cauldron to drop in a fresh chunk.