Zitterbewegung 2D — The Trembling Dirac Electron

A free relativistic electron never quite moves in a straight line. Schrödinger showed in 1930 that solutions of the Dirac equation contain a rapid, small-amplitude trembling motion — Zitterbewegung — caused by quantum interference between the electron's positive- and negative-energy components. This 2D build evolves the same exact 2×2 spinor state in closed form (no numerical integration of the wavefunction) and lays the result out across three linked panels: a pannable, zoomable trajectory canvas tracing the real trembling path against the straight classical drift, a phase-space orbit of the velocity expectation value ⟨σ⟩, and a scrolling oscilloscope of vₓ, vᵧ and |v| over time. Adjust mass, momentum, negative-energy admixture, time scale and trail length live to see how each reshapes the amplitude and frequency of the trembling.