Interdependent Infrastructure Cascade

A smart city's power grid, water system and communications network are not independent — pumps need electricity, substations need remote signalling, and both need each other to keep running. This 2D simulator renders two coupled random networks as ring graphs, one for the power layer and one for water/comms, linked node-for-node by real dependency edges drawn between the rings. Knock out a fraction of the power layer, choose random or hub-targeted failure, and step through the Buldyrev interdependent-percolation cascade round by round: each layer's giant connected component is recomputed, nodes stranded outside it fail, and failures ping back and forth across the coupling links until the system either stabilizes or collapses. A live history chart tracks the surviving fraction of each layer and the combined giant component round by round, while a degree-distribution panel shows exactly which nodes a hub-targeted attack would remove first — together showing why coupled infrastructure can fail abruptly at attack sizes that a single isolated network would shrug off.