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Interdependent Infrastructure Cascade

Two coupled infrastructure networks — a power grid and a water/communications layer — fail together. Remove nodes from one layer and watch the interdependent-percolation cascade collapse both, exactly as in real smart-city blackout-cascade events.

Networks & Graph Theory3DAdvanced60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted⇄ 2D version

A smart city's power grid, water system and communications network are not independent — pumps need electricity, substations need remote signalling, and both need each other to keep running. This simulator renders two coupled random networks in 3D, one for the power layer and one for water/comms, linked node-for-node by real dependency edges. Knock out a fraction of the power layer, choose random or hub-targeted failure, and step through the Buldyrev interdependent-percolation cascade round by round: each layer's giant connected component is recomputed, nodes stranded outside it fail, and failures ping back and forth across the coupling links until the system either stabilizes or collapses. Live readouts track the surviving fraction of each layer and the combined giant component, showing exactly why coupled infrastructure can fail abruptly at attack sizes that a single isolated network would shrug off.

⚙ Under the hood

Two coupled 3D networks — a power grid and a water/communications layer — linked node-for-node by dependency edges. Knock out part of the power layer and step through the Buldyrev interdependent-percolation cascade round by round to see why coupled infrastructure collapses abruptly where a single isolated network would degrade gracefully.

networksinfrastructurecascading-failurepercolationsmart-cityresilience

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install