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PolskiSilicon Anode Nanostructuring Simulator (2D)
2D silicon-anode battery lab: cycle a bulk silicon particle until ~300% lithiation swelling cracks it apart, then switch to a nanostructured anode that absorbs the same expansion into pore space, with a live capacity-fade chart comparing both.
This 2D companion drives the same lithiation/cracking model as the 3D version: a bulk silicon particle swells linearly with state of charge and, after three charge/discharge cycles, fractures and its capacity retention collapses, while a nanostructured array of silicon nanowires absorbs the identical ~300% volume expansion into surrounding pore space and never cracks, fading only gradually over dozens of cycles. Toggle between the two structures, run the cycling test at up to 3× speed, and watch the capacity-fade chart plot both curves side by side as the cycle count climbs.
2D silicon-anode lab modeling lithiation-driven volume expansion, bulk-particle fracture after repeated cycling, and pore-space strain absorption in a nanostructured anode, with a live capacity-retention chart.
2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install
Both swell by the same ~300% in volume when fully lithiated. A solid bulk particle has nowhere for that expansion to go, so internal stress builds up until it fractures. The nanowires in the nanostructured anode are small enough, and surrounded by enough free pore space, to expand into that space instead of against each other, so the same strain is absorbed rather than accumulated.
Once the bulk particle cracks it loses electrical contact with the current collector, so capacity collapses almost immediately after fracture (around cycle 3 in this model). The nanostructured anode never cracks, so its capacity only fades gradually from the usual slow side-reactions that affect any battery electrode over hundreds of cycles.