3D Bioprinting Simulator

3D bioprinting builds living tissue by extruding bioink — a mix of living cells, hydrogel and growth factors — layer by layer into a target shape, the same way an ordinary 3D printer builds a plastic part, except the "ink" has to survive the process. This simulator visualizes a single extrusion print head depositing a cartilage-like construct in real time, while tracking two of the field's central engineering trade-offs: the mechanical shear stress cells experience passing through the nozzle, and the oxygen-diffusion limit that starves any tissue thicker than about 200 micrometres unless it has a built-in vascular network.