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Battery Discharge-Rate Trade-off: Peukert's Law & Ragone Plot

Interactive 3D lithium-ion cell: drag the discharge C-rate, internal resistance and temperature and watch terminal voltage sag, ohmic heat rise, and usable capacity fall away from the nameplate value exactly as Peukert's Law and the Ragone plot predict.

Materials Science2DModerate60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted⚡ Plasma

This simulation explores the fundamental electrochemical trade-off inside every lithium-ion cell: pull more current out and you get less total energy, not more. A 3D cutaway of an 18650-class cell shows lithium ions de-intercalating from the graphite anode and drifting through the electrolyte to the cathode while electrons flow around the external circuit, both animated at a speed set by your chosen discharge rate. Adjusting the C-rate, internal resistance, Peukert exponent and cell temperature updates the terminal voltage, ohmic heating, usable capacity and estimated runtime in real time, and a live Ragone plot traces how energy density is traded for power density as the discharge current climbs — the same relationship that determines an EV's range at highway speed versus city driving, or how long a power-tool battery lasts under heavy load.

⚙ Under the hood

This simulation allows you to explore the fundamental principles of electrochemical reactions within a battery system. By manipulating variables such as voltage and current, you can observe how these factors affect ion movement and energy storage – crucial for understanding battery performance.

Battery TechnologyElectrochemical

2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install