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Water Mill: Overshot vs Undershot (2D)

Interactive 2D water wheel simulator: compare an overshot wheel (gravity-driven, ~85% efficient) with an undershot wheel (momentum-driven, ~25-30% efficient) as flow rate changes.

Engineering & Materials2DModerate60 FPS⇄ 3D version

A side-view water wheel simulator that lets you switch between an overshot wheel (water falls into buckets from a flume above, driven mainly by gravity, roughly 85% efficient) and an undershot wheel (water flows underneath and drives paddles by momentum transfer, roughly 25-30% efficient). Drag the flow-rate slider and watch rotation speed, torque and power output respond live, making the efficiency gap between the two classic mill designs directly visible.

⚙ Under the hood

A 2D side-view water wheel simulator: switch between an overshot wheel (water falls into buckets from above, driven mainly by gravity, ~85% efficient) and an undershot wheel (water flows underneath, driven by momentum transfer, ~25-30% efficient), tune the flow rate, and watch rotation speed, torque and power output respond live.

water wheelwater millhydropowerovershot wheelundershot wheelrotational energy

2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install