Water Treatment: Coagulation & Flocculation Simulator

This simulator models the chemistry-driven physics behind the first stage of water treatment: coagulation and flocculation. Charged colloidal particles too small to settle are neutralized by a coagulant dose, then collide and stick together — driven by Brownian motion for the smallest particles and by the mixing paddle's velocity gradient for larger ones — following Smoluchowski's collision-frequency model. As flocs grow, Stokes' law makes them settle faster, pulling turbidity out of the water column. Tune coagulant dose, mixing intensity and raw turbidity to find the operating point that clears the water fastest, and see what happens when the dose is too low, too high, or the mixing too gentle or too violent.