GNSS Ionospheric Delay: Space Weather & GPS Error

Every GPS or GNSS fix depends on a radio signal crossing the ionosphere unimpeded — but a geomagnetic storm driven by a solar flare or coronal mass ejection can flood that layer with extra electrons, slowing the signal and dragging the computed position off target. This simulator renders the ionosphere as a real 3D electron-density shell around Earth, tracks a satellite-to-receiver signal path, and computes the actual ranging delay from the Total Electron Content the path crosses, live, as you dial up the storm's Kp level, change the local time of day, or drop the satellite toward the horizon. A dual-frequency correction toggle shows how real receivers cancel almost all of this error — and how much is left on the table when they can't.