🤧 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Biologic Therapy Simulator

Baseline Type-2 Inflamed Nasal Mucosa

Placeholder: IL-4 and IL-13 sustain eosinophilic polyp inflammation.

• 100%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
• 450/µL: Eosinophils (Placeholder text)
• 4/4: Polyp score (Placeholder text)
• Low: Nasal patency (Placeholder text)

IL-4 and IL-13 drive Type-2 disease

Placeholder: shared signaling fuels chronic eosinophilic mucosal inflammation.

Polyps form from persistent edema

Placeholder: swollen tissue obstructs airflow and smell pathways.

Placeholder: Type-2 endotype confirmed before biologic selection begins.

Dupilumab Enters the Tissue

Placeholder: monoclonal antibody seeks out the IL-4Rα subunit.

• 95%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
• Subcut.: Dose route (Placeholder text)
• IL-4Rα: Target (Placeholder text)
• Days: Onset (Placeholder text)

A Y-shaped antibody diffuses into mucosa

Placeholder: dupilumab circulates and reaches receptor-bearing cells.

IL-4Rα is the shared docking site

Placeholder: one subunit anchors two separate cytokine receptor complexes.

One Subunit, Two Cytokines Blocked

Placeholder: dupilumab occupies IL-4Rα, blocking IL-4 and IL-13 at once.

• 8%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
• Blocked: Type I receptor (Placeholder text)
• Blocked: Type II receptor (Placeholder text)
• Halted: STAT6 activation (Placeholder text)

Type I receptor: IL-4Rα plus γc

Placeholder: dupilumab blocks IL-4 binding to this complex.

Type II receptor: IL-4Rα plus IL-13Rα1

Placeholder: same antibody blocks IL-13 binding here too.

Placeholder: one receptor subunit, two cytokines silenced simultaneously.

Downstream Effects Accumulate Over Weeks

Placeholder: [], mucus, and IgE fall over sustained dosing.

• Falling: Eosinophils (Placeholder text)
• Falling: Mucus production (Placeholder text)
• Shrinking: Polyp tissue (Placeholder text)
• 0–24: Weeks tracked (Placeholder text)

Eosinophil recruitment slows

Placeholder: fewer eosinophils are drawn into sinonasal tissue.

Goblet cell mucus genes quiet down

Placeholder: reduced mucus eases congestion over successive weeks.

Polyps Shrink, Patency and Smell Return

Placeholder: sustained blockade yields measurable polyp score improvement.

• 1/4: Polyp score (Placeholder text)
• Restored: Nasal patency (Placeholder text)
• Improved: Smell (UPSIT) (Placeholder text)
• Often: Surgery avoided (Placeholder text)

Polyp tissue regresses with continued dosing

Placeholder: airway volume increases as swelling resolves.

Adherence shapes the shrinkage curve

Placeholder: missed doses slow eosinophil and polyp decline.

Placeholder: consistent dosing over 24 weeks maximizes polyp regression.