Baseline Type-2 Inflamed Nasal Mucosa
Placeholder: IL-4 and IL-13 sustain eosinophilic polyp inflammation.
- 100%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
- 450/µL: Eosinophils (Placeholder text)
- 4/4: Polyp score (Placeholder text)
- Low: Nasal patency (Placeholder text)
IL-4 and IL-13 drive Type-2 disease
Placeholder: shared signaling fuels chronic eosinophilic mucosal inflammation.
Polyps form from persistent edema
Placeholder: swollen tissue obstructs airflow and smell pathways.
Placeholder: Type-2 endotype confirmed before biologic selection begins.
Dupilumab Enters the Tissue
Placeholder: monoclonal antibody seeks out the IL-4Rα subunit.
- 95%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
- Subcut.: Dose route (Placeholder text)
- IL-4Rα: Target (Placeholder text)
- Days: Onset (Placeholder text)
A Y-shaped antibody diffuses into mucosa
Placeholder: dupilumab circulates and reaches receptor-bearing cells.
IL-4Rα is the shared docking site
Placeholder: one subunit anchors two separate cytokine receptor complexes.
One Subunit, Two Cytokines Blocked
Placeholder: dupilumab occupies IL-4Rα, blocking IL-4 and IL-13 at once.
- 8%: Signaling activity (Placeholder text)
- Blocked: Type I receptor (Placeholder text)
- Blocked: Type II receptor (Placeholder text)
- Halted: STAT6 activation (Placeholder text)
Type I receptor: IL-4Rα plus γc
Placeholder: dupilumab blocks IL-4 binding to this complex.
Type II receptor: IL-4Rα plus IL-13Rα1
Placeholder: same antibody blocks IL-13 binding here too.
Placeholder: one receptor subunit, two cytokines silenced simultaneously.
Downstream Effects Accumulate Over Weeks
Placeholder: [], mucus, and IgE fall over sustained dosing.
- Falling: Eosinophils (Placeholder text)
- Falling: Mucus production (Placeholder text)
- Shrinking: Polyp tissue (Placeholder text)
- 0–24: Weeks tracked (Placeholder text)
Eosinophil recruitment slows
Placeholder: fewer eosinophils are drawn into sinonasal tissue.
Goblet cell mucus genes quiet down
Placeholder: reduced mucus eases congestion over successive weeks.
Polyps Shrink, Patency and Smell Return
Placeholder: sustained blockade yields measurable polyp score improvement.
- 1/4: Polyp score (Placeholder text)
- Restored: Nasal patency (Placeholder text)
- Improved: Smell (UPSIT) (Placeholder text)
- Often: Surgery avoided (Placeholder text)
Polyp tissue regresses with continued dosing
Placeholder: airway volume increases as swelling resolves.
Adherence shapes the shrinkage curve
Placeholder: missed doses slow eosinophil and polyp decline.
Placeholder: consistent dosing over 24 weeks maximizes polyp regression.