Aquaporin Nanochannel 2D: Single-File Water Transport & Ion Exclusion

This 2D cross-section simulator visualizes the nanobiomimetic mechanism behind aquaporin water channels — the sub-nanometer protein pores that let cells move billions of water molecules per second across their membrane while almost completely excluding ions and protons. A channel connects two reservoirs; water molecules cross in a strict single file, unable to pass one another, with dipole arrows that flip orientation at the channel's midpoint to show the bipolar arrangement that breaks the hydrogen-bond wire protons need to hop through. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions periodically attempt the pore and are rejected according to a Born-type dielectric-exclusion model driven by the pore-radius control, plotted live on the rejection-probability chart below the channel view. Adjust the driving pressure, electrolyte concentration and temperature and watch the live water-flux and ion-rejection readouts respond in real time; drag the main view to pan along the reservoirs and scroll to zoom.