Viral Vector Multiplicity of Infection: Poisson Transduction Statistics

Gene therapy delivers a corrective gene using engineered viral vectors (AAV, lentivirus and similar), and the dose is planned in terms of multiplicity of infection — the average number of vector particles applied per target cell. Because particles land on cells essentially at random, the actual number of vector copies any single cell receives follows Poisson statistics, not a uniform "one particle per cell" split. This simulator renders a 3D cell monolayer, rains a real vector dose (MOI × cell count particles) onto it at random, and tracks live whether each cell crosses the copy-number threshold needed for productive transduction — comparing the measured transduced fraction against the closed-form Poisson prediction in real time.