Pneumoperitoneum Insufflation Simulator

Every laparoscopic operation begins with turning a collapsed abdominal cavity into a working space by insufflating it with CO2 gas. This simulator models the real control loop behind that step: a nonlinear pressure-volume (elastance) curve for the stretching abdominal wall, an insufflator that throttles flow as it approaches a target pressure, continuous leak around trocar ports, and the clinically important drop in venous return that follows when intra-abdominal pressure climbs too high. Adjust flow rate, target pressure, leak rate and wall tone, trigger an instrument-exchange leak spike, and watch the 3D cavity inflate while live readouts track pressure, volume and hemodynamic impact in real time.