Windkessel Arterial Pressure Simulator (2D)

This 2D simulator renders the two-element Windkessel model of the systemic circulation as a layered schematic: a pulsatile ventricular pump fills a compliant elastic reservoir standing in for the aorta and large arteries, which continuously drains through a peripheral-resistance coil. The reservoir's radius is driven live by the governing ODE C·dP/dt = Q_in(t) − P/R, so it visibly swells with each systolic ejection and relaxes through diastole exactly as the equation dictates. A scrolling pressure-waveform strip and a vertical pressure gauge track the same integrated pressure alongside the schematic. Heart rate, stroke volume, peripheral resistance and arterial compliance are all live controls (with quick presets for rest, exercise, hypertension and aged/stiff vessels), and systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and pulse-pressure readouts update continuously — showing directly why stiffer arteries (lower compliance) widen pulse pressure even at unchanged cardiac output.