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Electrochromic Smart Window: Ion Intercalation

Interactive 3D model of an electrochromic smart window: apply a bias voltage and watch Li+ ions migrate from a NiO counter-electrode through the electrolyte into a WO3 film, tinting the glass, with live transmittance, inserted-charge and optical-density readouts.

Materials Science3DModerate60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted

This simulator models the real electrochemistry behind an electrochromic smart window: a tungsten-oxide (WO₃) film that darkens as lithium ions are driven into it by an applied voltage, and clears again as they are pulled back out. Drag the bias-voltage slider (or hit Color / Bleach) to watch Li⁺ ions cross the electrolyte between the WO₃ layer and a NiO ion-storage counter-electrode in real time, while the WO₃ slab itself tints from clear to deep blue. Live readouts track the inserted charge density, the resulting optical density and the resulting visible-light transmittance — the same coloration-efficiency relation (ΔOD = CE·q) that governs commercial products like SageGlass office windows and the dimmable cabin windows on the Boeing 787.

⚙ Under the hood

Apply a bias voltage to an electrochromic WO3/NiO window stack and watch Li+ ions migrate through the electrolyte, tinting the glass while live readouts track transmittance, optical density and inserted charge.

electrochromicmaterials-sciencesmart-windowion-intercalationelectrochemistryWO3

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install