Piezoelectric Nanowire Nanogenerator

A vertically integrated nanogenerator (VING) turns mechanical strain into electricity using an array of upright ZnO nanowires — a wurtzite crystal whose non-centrosymmetric structure makes it piezoelectric. This simulator presses a full 3D nanowire array between two electrodes on a repeating cycle and computes the physics live: strain and stress from the compression amplitude, the open-circuit piezoelectric voltage from ZnO's real d33 and permittivity constants, and the actual power delivered to an external load resistor once source-load impedance matching is taken into account. Adjust the press amplitude, cycle frequency, load resistance and nanowire density to see how each one trades off against output power, and watch each nanowire's colour track its instantaneous piezopotential as it compresses and relaxes.