Frenkel & Schottky Point Defects — 2D Lattice View

Every real crystal carries a thermal population of point defects — atoms missing from their lattice sites (Schottky vacancies) or displaced into the gaps between sites (Frenkel pairs). This simulator renders a 20×20 planar cross-section of a crystal lattice and drives it toward the real thermodynamic equilibrium defect concentration for the temperature and formation energy you set, using the Arrhenius laws n/N = exp(−E_f/k_BT) for Schottky vacancies and n_F = √(N·N_i)·exp(−E_f/2k_BT) for Frenkel pairs. Switch defect type, drag temperature from 300 K to 2000 K or formation energy from 0.3 eV to 3.0 eV, and watch vacancies (red rings) and interstitial atoms (orange) appear and vanish live as the lattice relaxes toward the predicted equilibrium count — while a live Arrhenius plot and a defect-count history strip track the same process numerically. Drag the lattice to pan and scroll or pinch to zoom.