☕ Espresso Puck: Darcy Flow, Shot Time and Brew Water Temperature (2D section)

Section of an espresso portafilter basket. Set the pump pressure, dose, mean grain size, bed porosity, water temperature and heater power, and watch water percolate through the coffee puck by Darcy flow and fill the cup. Flow, shot time for a target yield and the brew temperature a thermoblock heater can sustain are computed. A flow-and-heat companion to the 3D machine, with four in-page numerical checks.