CRISPR Gene Editing Simulator

CRISPR-Cas9 turned genome editing from a slow, imprecise craft into a programmable tool: a short guide RNA tells the Cas9 enzyme exactly which sequence to cut, and the cell's own repair machinery finishes the job. This simulator visualizes that search-and-cut cycle directly on a 3D DNA double helix — the Cas9-gRNA complex slides along the strand, pausing only at PAM motifs, and either confirms a match at the true target or occasionally misfires at a similar-looking decoy sequence nearby. Adjust guide RNA specificity to see off-target cuts rise and fall, and switch between the error-prone NHEJ pathway (gene knock-out) and the template-guided HDR pathway (precise knock-in) to see how the repair choice changes editing efficiency.