Population Genetics and Gene Flow Simulator

Population genetics studies how allele frequencies drift, respond to selection, and equalize across space through migration. This simulator visualizes two island populations, each a cluster of individuals carrying one of two alleles at a single locus. Every generation, each island samples its next generation from a Wright-Fisher process shaped by selection favoring one allele, migration exchanging genes with the other island, and the randomness of finite-population sampling — genetic drift. Watch the two islands' allele frequencies converge under strong gene flow, or drift apart into fixation for different alleles when migration is weak and populations are small, exactly as observed in real founder populations and island endemics.