Photon Penetration Depth in Photoredox Flow Reactors

Photoredox catalysis only works where light actually reaches the catalyst, and light doesn't reach very far into an absorbing solution. This simulator renders a bank of transparent flow-reactor tubes lit from the outside by LEDs and applies the real Beer–Lambert attenuation law to every catalyst particle inside: molecules near the illuminated wall glow and pulse with excitation, while the tube's core — beyond the 1/e penetration depth — sits dark and unreacted. Dial the channel diameter, catalyst absorptivity, LED irradiance and the number of parallel "numbered-up" channels, and watch the live readouts show exactly why process chemists scale photoredox flow chemistry by adding thin channels side by side rather than by building one wide reactor.