Reactor Cascade Startup & Disturbance Response

Continuous manufacturing plants rarely run a single ideal plug-flow reactor — in practice they are built from a chain of well-mixed continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs), and how that chain responds to a feed upset determines how quickly the line stabilises after startup and how a real deviation propagates downstream. This simulator solves the exact mass-balance ODEs for N CSTRs in series in real time, renders each tank as a 3D vessel tinted by its live concentration, and streams animated flow particles down the cascade so you can watch a step change, a transient pulse, or a sinusoidal feed ripple move through the plant. Adjust the number of tanks to see the response sharpen from a single exponential lag toward the sharper, delayed step of an ideal plug-flow reactor — the exact trade-off engineers weigh when deciding between numbering-up and size-up during scale-up.