Hourglass Sand Flow Simulator (2D)

This 2D side-view simulator drains individual sand grains from the top bulb of an hourglass through a narrow neck into the bottom bulb, each grain falling under gravity, bouncing off the funnel walls, and settling into a conical pile at the natural angle of repose. Adjust the neck width to see the discharge rate follow the Beverloo equation — the empirical law that governs granular flow through an orifice — and change the grain count to load a bigger or smaller batch of sand, then watch the live readout for flow rate and estimated time to empty update in real time.