🧪 Energy Advanced Bioenergy Advanced Simulation

Torrefaction is a bioenergy pretreatment technology that sits between drying and pyrolysis: biomass is roasted at 200–320 °C without oxygen so that its reactive hemicellulose fraction decomposes into volatile off-gas while cellulose and lignin survive largely intact, leaving a darker, drier, more energy-dense solid fuel that grinds and co-fires like coal. This simulator runs a real two-component parallel first-order Arrhenius kinetic model — the standard simplification used in torrefaction research — so that temperature, residence time and feedstock choice (woody chips vs. herbaceous straw) drive a rotating 3D drum reactor where chips visibly darken and shrink as they convert, off-gas billows off in proportion to the instantaneous decomposition rate, and live readouts track solid mass yield, energy yield and the resulting higher heating value of the torrefied product.