Cascading Power Grid Failure

Trip a single transmission line in a meshed 12-bus, 20-line network and watch a real cascading failure unfold: the DC power-flow equations are re-solved on every topology change, so power that lost its path reroutes onto the remaining lines, protective relays trip whichever lines end up overloaded past a configurable threshold, and any bus that gets islanded from generation automatically sheds load — exactly the chain of events (contingency → flow redistribution → further tripping → islanding) that has caused every major real-world cascading blackout. Adjust the grid's design security margin and relay sensitivity to see how much headroom a network needs to survive a single fault without collapsing.