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Colloidal Coagulation Kinetics

Interactive 3D simulator of Smoluchowski coagulation: Brownian colloidal particles collide and stick according to the Fuchs stability ratio. Raise the electrolyte concentration past the critical coagulation concentration to flip slow coagulation into fast, diffusion-limited aggregation.

Chemistry & Materials3DAdvanced60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted⇄ 2D version

Colloidal particles stay dispersed only as long as an electrostatic energy barrier keeps them apart. This simulator renders a real 3D box of Brownian colloidal particles that collide and, with a probability set by the DLVO/Fuchs stability ratio, stick together and grow — exactly as described by von Smoluchowski's coagulation kinetics. Raise the electrolyte concentration past the simulated critical coagulation concentration and watch the population collapse from slow, barrier-limited coagulation into fast, diffusion-limited aggregation, with live readouts for particle count, elapsed time, stability ratio and the fraction of the original population that has aggregated.

⚙ Under the hood

Watch charge-stabilized colloidal particles undergo Brownian collisions and stick together according to the Smoluchowski rate law and the Fuchs stability ratio — raise the electrolyte concentration past the critical coagulation concentration to flip slow coagulation into fast, diffusion-limited aggregation.

colloid chemistrycoagulationSmoluchowskiDLVO theoryBrownian motionstability ratio

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install