3D Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Photocatalysis: Surface Redox Reactor

Real photocatalytic reactors are three-dimensional: UV photons arrive at a suspended TiO₂ nanoparticle from every direction at once, and every excited electron-hole pair has to find its own way through the crystal to the surface before it can do any chemistry. This simulator renders that geometry directly — incoming photon streaks nucleate carriers only when their energy clears the real 3.2 eV band gap, electrons and holes random-walk in 3D toward the surface (recombining if they meet en route), and holes that arrive first generate hydroxyl radicals that hunt down orbiting pollutant molecules and mineralize them into CO₂ and H₂O. Wavelength, photon flux and pollutant load are all live, so you can watch quantum yield respond to each one exactly as a photocatalysis researcher would in a real reactor.