🍽 NAD+ Precursor Supplementation Simulator

NMN vs NR — Two Roads to the Same NAD+ Pool

NMN and NR use different transporters and enzymes on the way to NAD+.

• Slc12a8: NMN entry route (putative NMN transporter)
• Nucleoside: NR entry route (transporters, well characterized)
• NMN 334 / NR 255: Molecular weight (g/mol, approximate)
• Both OTC: Market status (sold as dietary supplements)

Placeholder: precursor structure and pathway entry

Placeholder text comparing NMN and NR entry pathways briefly.

Placeholder callout: neither precursor is FDA-approved as a drug.

Getting Past the Gut — Absorption and Bioavailability

Oral bioavailability limits how much precursor ever reaches circulation.

• Variable: Oral bioavailability (placeholder estimate range)
• Present: First-pass effect (gut and liver metabolism)
• Unclear: Food effect (placeholder, under study)
• ~30–60 min: Peak plasma time (placeholder estimate)

Placeholder: gut transport and first-pass metabolism

Placeholder text on absorption mechanics and dose-response saturation.

Placeholder callout: higher doses show diminishing absorption efficiency.

From Bloodstream to NAD+ — Enzymatic Conversion

NRK and NAMPT enzymes convert circulating precursor into cellular NAD+.

• NRK1/2: Key enzyme (NR) (nicotinamide riboside kinase)
• NAMPT: Key enzyme (NMN) (salvage pathway rate limiter)
• High: Tissue variability (placeholder, tissue-dependent)
• placeholder %: Blood NAD+ change (reported in small trials)

Placeholder: salvage pathway conversion steps

Placeholder text on enzymatic conversion to intracellular NAD+.

Placeholder callout: blood NAD+ rise does not confirm tissue-level benefit.

What Is Actually in the Bottle — Dosing Variability

Consumer supplement content often deviates from the label claim.

• Variable: Label accuracy (placeholder, brand-dependent)
• Inconsistent: Third-party testing (placeholder coverage)
• 125–500 mg: Typical capsule dose (placeholder common range)
• Limited: Regulatory oversight (dietary supplement category)

Placeholder: manufacturing and label accuracy

Placeholder text on batch-to-batch and brand-to-brand variability.

Placeholder callout: actual capsule content can differ from label claim.

The Open Question — Long-Term Human Safety

Most human trials are short-duration; chronic effects are still unclear.

• 6–12 wks: Typical trial length (placeholder, most studies)
• ~1 year: Longest human trials (placeholder, few exist)
• Sparse: High-dose chronic data (placeholder evidence gap)
• Supplement: Regulatory status (not drug-approved)

Placeholder: evidence gaps in chronic supplementation

Placeholder text on the state of long-term human safety evidence.

Placeholder callout: long-term high-dose safety remains unestablished.