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PolskiTornado Formation & Movement — 2D Vortex-Stretching Lab
Interactive 2D top-down tornado lab built on the Rankine combined vortex: wind shear and updraft feed circulation that stretches the vortex core tight — the same angular-momentum-conserving mechanism that spins a real mesocyclone into a tornado — while surface friction bleeds the energy back off. Steer the storm across the ground and watch its EF-scale intensity, wind speed and track distance evolve live.
This flat top-down companion swaps the 3D funnel's decorative particle swirl for a real, testable vortex model: a Rankine combined vortex whose circulation is fed by wind shear and updraft — the vortex-tube stretching that, by conservation of angular momentum, is the actual mechanism that spins a broad mesocyclone into a tight, violent tornado core. Drag the core radius down with more shear and updraft to watch tangential wind speed rise past real Enhanced Fujita Scale thresholds, add surface friction to dissipate it back into a wide, weak circulation, and use the steering-wind controls to send the vortex travelling across the ground while a live panel reports core radius, wind speed in m/s and mph, EF-scale category, and total track distance.
Rankine combined vortex tangential-velocity model (solid-body core, irrotational outer decay); circulation Γ driven by wind-shear × updraft input and drained by surface-friction dissipation, producing genuine forming → intensifying → mature → dissipating stages; Enhanced Fujita Scale wind-speed bands for the live intensity readout; steering-wind vector translates the vortex across a scrolling ground grid to visualise real tornado movement.
2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install