🛫 Departure Queue and Pushback Metering: Taxi-Out Time, Pollaczek-Khinchine Wait and Little's Law (2D)

Neutral queuing model of an airport departure runway: Poisson pushbacks, taxi to the hold line and a single runway server. See the hockey-stick taxi-out time from the Pollaczek-Khinchine formula, Little's law, and how holding aircraft at the gate (N-control) saves fuel at the same throughput.