Ilmenite Hydrogen Reduction — Lunar Oxygen ISRU

Lunar mare regolith carries ilmenite (FeTiO₃), the one abundant lunar mineral that gives up its oxygen to hot hydrogen gas relatively easily: FeTiO₃ + H₂ ⇌ Fe + TiO₂ + H₂O. This simulation renders a tumbling rotary reactor drum filled with individually tracked regolith grains — ilmenite, inert gangue, and gas flow — and drives each ilmenite grain's conversion with an Arrhenius rate law approaching a temperature- and pressure-dependent equilibrium, exactly the trade-offs (hotter reactors run faster but need more insulation, higher H₂ pressure pushes the equilibrium further, finer grinding speeds the reaction) that shape real in-situ resource utilization reactor design. Adjust reduction temperature, H₂ partial pressure, feed ilmenite content, and grain size, and watch live conversion fraction, oxygen yield rate, and cumulative oxygen output respond.