📡 Radio Telescope Sensitivity: Radiometer Equation and Integration Time (2D)

A dish tracking a source and a drift scan of the measured antenna temperature with random noise, a dashed line at five times the noise and the true beam shape. Set the source flux, the dish diameter and efficiency, the system temperature, the bandwidth, the integration time and the gain stability, and see the antenna temperature, the noise with and without gain drift, the signal to noise, the faintest detectable flux and the time needed. The noise statistics, the antenna temperature, the integration time and the gain limit are checked numerically, with four in-page numerical checks.