False Vacuum Decay: Bubble Nucleation

A metastable quantum field can only escape its false vacuum by tunnelling through the potential barrier that separates it from the true, lower-energy vacuum — and it does so by randomly nucleating small bubbles of true vacuum that, once past a critical size, run away and expand at close to the speed of light. This simulator renders a live field lattice in 3D: cells sit low and blue in the false vacuum until a bubble's wall sweeps past, converting them to the raised, orange true vacuum. Coleman's thin-wall bounce action B = 27π²σ⁴/(2ε³) sets the live nucleation rate Γ/V = A·e⁻ᴮ from the vacuum-energy split ε and wall tension σ you control, and the critical radius ρ_c = 3σ/ε is tracked in real time alongside the bubble count and converted volume fraction.