Quantum Wire — Conductance Quantization

Squeeze a conductor down to a width comparable to the electron's de Broglie wavelength and its transverse motion snaps into discrete 1D subbands — the same quantum-confinement effect behind quantum wells, wires and dots. This simulator renders a 3D quantum wire between two electron reservoirs and computes its real Landauer-formula conductance from the subband spectrum of a hard-wall square cross-section. Sweep the Fermi energy (gate voltage) and watch conduction channels open one at a time as glowing lanes filled with flowing electrons, each contributing exactly one quantum G₀ = 2e²/h, while wire width and temperature control how sharp the resulting conductance staircase is.