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⚛️ Mott Insulator: Metal-to-Insulator Transition in the Hubbard Model

Interactive Hubbard-model lattice: tune the U/t ratio to watch electrons hop freely as a metal at weak correlation, then freeze one-per-site into a Mott insulator as on-site Coulomb repulsion dominates.

Physics & Mechanics3DAdvanced60 FPS❄️ Ice & Cold

⚙ Under the hood

A 6x6 Hubbard-model lattice where electrons hop stochastically between sites: at low U/t (weak on-site Coulomb repulsion vs hopping amplitude t) electrons move freely like a metal, while at high U/t they freeze one-per-site into a Mott insulator, a correlation effect that independent-electron band theory cannot explain. Tune the U/t slider and watch hop rate, singly-occupied site count and a live conductivity bar track the Mott transition.

Three.jsMott insulatorHubbard modelcorrelated electronscondensed mattermetal-insulator transition3D

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install