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BCS Energy Gap & London Penetration Depth

Interactive 3D superconductor slab: cool a material through its critical temperature and watch Cooper pairs condense as the BCS energy gap opens, while the applied magnetic field is expelled with a London penetration depth that diverges at Tc.

Physics & Mechanics3DAdvanced60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted⇄ 2D version

This simulator cools a superconducting slab through its critical temperature and renders two linked pieces of condensed-matter physics in real 3D: the BCS energy gap Δ(T) opening as electrons condense into Cooper pairs, and the London penetration depth λ(T) — the exponential decay length of an applied magnetic field expelled from the bulk by the Meissner effect. Switch between three real elemental superconductors (Nb, Pb, Sn) with their own tabulated critical temperature and zero-temperature gap, sweep the temperature slider to watch the gap close and the field arrows push deeper into the material as T approaches T꜀, and track the condensate fraction nₛ/n, the instantaneous gap and the penetration depth in live numeric readouts.

⚙ Under the hood

Cool a 3D superconducting slab through its critical temperature and watch Cooper pairs condense as the BCS energy gap opens, while an applied magnetic field is expelled with a London penetration depth that diverges at Tc.

superconductivityBCS theoryMeissner effectcondensed matterphase transition

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install