Newton's Laws of Motion Simulator (2D)

This 2D companion drives the same 1-D collision mechanics as the 3D version through a flat top-down track view: two carts with adjustable mass and launch velocity meet on a frictionless line, and the collision is resolved with the standard restitution formula so momentum is always conserved exactly while kinetic energy loss depends on how elastic you set the impact. Action-reaction force arrows flash at the contact point, and live stat boxes report total momentum and kinetic energy before and after the collision, making Newton's three laws directly readable off the numbers instead of the 3D scene.