Heart Beating Blood Flow (2D)

This 2D companion drives the same real cardiovascular physiology as the 3D original's beating heart, but reads it out as physiology rather than decoration: a time-varying elastance ventricle — P(t) = E(t)·(V−V0), with E(t) following the standard double-Hill systolic/diastolic shape — fills through a diode-like mitral valve whenever venous pressure exceeds ventricular pressure and ejects through an aortic valve whenever ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, charging a two-element Windkessel arterial model that produces a realistic pressure upstroke and diastolic runoff. The top panel is a live Wiggers-style plot of ventricular pressure, aortic pressure and ventricular volume over the cardiac cycle; the bottom panel shows the beating chamber and the flow it actually drives through the vessel loop, with particle speed set by the computed aortic flow rather than a scripted pulse. Heart rate, contractility, preload, afterload and arterial compliance are all independently adjustable and each measurably reshapes stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure — the same five physiological levers a cardiologist reasons about at the bedside.