Epidural Stimulation for Stepping Recovery

After a spinal cord injury, the neural circuitry that generates walking rhythm often survives below the lesion — it just loses the excitatory drive normally sent down from the brain. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) restores enough of that drive to switch the circuit back on. This simulator places a movable electrode array along a 3D model of the lumbosacral spinal cord and lets you tune stimulation amplitude, frequency and rostrocaudal position while a real half-center CPG (Matsuoka oscillator) with Henneman size-principle recruitment decides how much of the flexor and extensor motor pools activate — and whether the resulting output is a fused, alternating step cycle, a choppy low-frequency twitch, or a high-frequency co-contraction that produces no stepping at all.