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🥜 Peanut & Tree Nut IgE Sensitization Simulator

This model simulates primary sensitization to peanuts and tree nuts, including the formation of specific IgE antibodies upon initial exposure and the development of an allergic reaction during subsequent exposures. It provides insights into the mechanisms of allergy development.

Food Allergy2DModerate60 FPS

First Exposure: Allergen Uptake by Dendritic Cells

Placeholder: initial contact introduces peanut/nut protein to the immune system.

trace: Allergen dose (Placeholder sub-note)
rising: APC activation (Placeholder sub-note)
none: Symptom onset (Placeholder sub-note)
days: Time to prime (Placeholder sub-note)

Dendritic cell antigen capture

Placeholder: dendritic cells engulf allergen protein and migrate to lymph nodes.

Th2 Skewing and IgE Class Switching

Placeholder: presented antigen biases naive T cells toward a Th2 phenotype.

IL-4/IL-13: Th2 cytokines (Placeholder sub-note)
IgM→IgE: Class switch (Placeholder sub-note)
increasing: B-cell activation (Placeholder sub-note)
suppressed: Th1 balance (Placeholder sub-note)

Cytokine-driven class switching

Placeholder: IL-4 and IL-13 signal B cells to switch to IgE production.

Allergen-Specific IgE Antibody Production

Placeholder: plasma cells secrete IgE antibodies specific to the allergen.

rising: IgE titer (Placeholder sub-note)
allergen-specific: Specificity (Placeholder sub-note)
active: Plasma cells (Placeholder sub-note)
systemic: Circulation (Placeholder sub-note)

Plasma cell antibody secretion

Placeholder: secreted IgE circulates and binds receptors on mast cells and basophils.

Sensitization Without Clinical Symptoms

Placeholder: IgE coats mast cells but no allergen is present to trigger reaction.

IgE-bound: Mast cell coating (Placeholder sub-note)
none: Clinical symptoms (Placeholder sub-note)
sIgE test: Detectability (Placeholder sub-note)
primed: Risk state (Placeholder sub-note)

Primed but asymptomatic state

Placeholder: sensitization can persist silently until re-exposure occurs.

Second Exposure Triggers Allergic Reaction

Placeholder: repeat allergen contact cross-links IgE and triggers degranulation.

IgE-FcεRI: Cross-linking (Placeholder sub-note)
histamine: Mediator release (Placeholder sub-note)
minutes: Reaction onset (Placeholder sub-note)
mild–anaphylaxis: Severity range (Placeholder sub-note)

Mast cell degranulation cascade

Placeholder: cross-linked IgE receptors trigger rapid histamine release.

Placeholder: repeat exposure risk depends on sensitization level and allergen type.

⚙ Under the hood

CanvasBiomedicine

2D · HTML5 Canvas 2D · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install