Windmill Rotor Aerodynamics: Wind, Pitch & Load (2D)

This 2D companion rebuilds the 3D "kick windmill" toy around the real aerodynamics its own description promises: Heier's Cp(λ,β) power-coefficient curve drives rotor torque from wind speed and blade pitch, Betz momentum theory converts that into an axial induction factor and thrust, and a quadratic generator-load torque sets where the rotor settles. A Gust button injects a genuine transient wind spike so you can watch the tower base bending moment — and the structural-integrity fatigue it accumulates — respond to a real overload event instead of a scripted animation.